Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

Article Title: Cathelicidin-Ka, the first frog-derived TLR2 and TLR4 agonist, induces macrophage activation and promotes inflammation

doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-06068-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cath-Ka induces peritoneal cell activation in mice. The peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid of mice injected with Cath-Ka (5 mg/kg, i.p. ) were collected at 2 and 4 h to measure chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and bacterial killing ability of the peritoneal fluid cells and cytokine contents in the peritoneal fluid. ( A ) Representative images (left) and statistical analysis (right) of peritoneal cells. Scale bar = 400 μm. ( B ) Quantification of cytokines in peritoneal lavage fluids. ( C , D ) Colony formation (left) and statistical analysis (right) of E. coli engulfed by peritoneal cells in bacterial phagocytosis and intracellular killing assays. Peritoneal fluid cells were infected with E. coli at a MOI of 10 for 1 h ( C ) or another 2 h in the presence of gentamicin ( D ) before the numbers of live bacteria in cells were counted by colony formation. ( E-H ) Representative flow cytometry images ( E , F ) and statistical analysis ( G , H ) of leukocytes, myeloid cells, monocytes, inflammatory macrophages, and neutrophils. Peritoneal fluid ( E , G ) and peripheral blood cells ( F , H ) were stained by anti-CD45, CD11b, Ly6G, Ly6C, and F4/80 antibodies for 30 min before flow cytometry analysis. Data are expressed as mean ± SD ( n = 6–10). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001; ns, not significant

Article Snippet: AF488 Anti-Mouse Ly6C (#E-AB-F1121UL) was from Elabscience (Wuhan, China), and PE-anti-mouse CD11b (#101207), APC-anti-mouse CD206 (#141707), and PerCP/ Cyanine5.5-anti-mouse F4/80 (#123128) were from Biolegend (San Diego, CA, USA).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Injection, Chemotaxis Assay, Infection, Bacteria, Flow Cytometry, Staining